run off meaning in geography
Top Answer. trash or other scattered objects left in an open area or natural habitat. Cuando llueve, el agua corre y eventualmente llega a un río, lago o al mar. Terrace farming is the method of farming in which broad flat steps or terraces are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops 4 They reduce run-off and soil erosion. Meridians run between the North and South poles. If the amount of water falling on the ground is greater than the infiltration rate of the surface, runoff or overland flow will occur. Runoff can be described as the part of the water cycle that flows over land as surface water instead of being absorbed into groundwater or evaporating. Computation. These chemical pollutants can harm not just a beach, but an entire ecosystem. More Geography pages: Intro to Rivers Major Rivers of the World US Rivers Glossary of River Terms The Water Cycle River Printouts, Maps; Glossary of River Terms : alluvial Alluvial means deposited by running water. Sometimes, base flow is also known as ground water flow. It does not mean anything in geography as such. Only about three percent of Earth’s water is freshwater. The land use pattern and land management practices used have significant effect on the runoff yield. Meaning of Runoff Hydrograph: Hydrograph is a graphical or tabular presentation of instantaneous runoff/discharge rate against time. Water, such as rainfall, and any sediments or other substances carried with it, that is not absorbed by the soil but instead flows away over the ground. How to use runoff in a sentence. Melissa McDaniel There were different options, and your path through the story line was directly tied to the twists and turns at those decision points. liquid mixture made from oil and used to run many motor vehicles. Some part of rainfall is also stored in the surface depressions, referred as depression storage, which in due course of time gets infiltrated or evaporated. Q = run-off. Asked by Wiki User. © 1996 - 2021 National Geographic Society. S = amount of effective surface retention. Once it is infiltrated into the soil, it starts to replenish the soil moisture deficiency, without contributing to the ground water. Factors Affecting Runoff 4. previous In physical erosion, the rock breaks down but its chemical composition remains the same, such as during a landslide or bioerosion, when plants take root and crack rocks. In 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted 17 sustainable development goals designed to transform our world by 2030. Rainfall duration is directly related to the volume of runoff generation due to the fact that the infiltration rate of the soil goes on decreasing with the duration of rainfall, till it attains a constant rate. body of water that serves as a route for transportation. Regarding channel characteristics to describe their effects on runoff, the channel cross-section, roughness, storage and channel density are mainly considered. The drainage density is defined as the ratio of the total channel length in the watershed to the total area of watershed. In the very wet condition, when infiltration rate of soil approaches to its basic intake rate and surface retention is at minimum level, then the values of W and ɸ-indexes are almost same. There are following two types of infiltration indices: It is defined as the rate of rainfall, at which the volume of excess rainfall is being equal to the direct runoff volume (Fig. banks Banks are the sides of a river or stream between which the water normally flows. run off [sth] vi + prep (flow from) correr por vi + prep : deslizarse por v prnl + prep : caer por vi + prep : Rainwater will run off a slanted roof. Mean Annual Flood: This is an annual ... Well, this is perhaps one of the most cliched and run of the mill geography terms. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. The word Rann means "salt marsh". Go out and run those dogs off the lawn. F = total water lost through infiltration, tr = time during which rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity, P = total amount of rainfall for the duration tr. INTERNET WEBLINKS. Sometimes sub-surface runoff is also treated under surface runoff due to reason that it takes very little time to reach the river or channel in comparison to ground water. The overland flow again builds a greater storage over the land surface and draining the same into channels/streams is termed as runoff. Types of Runoff 3. Top Answer. Runoff from nonpoint sources includes lawn fertilizer, car exhaust, and even spilled gasoline from a car. Farmers rely on topsoil to grow crops. I couldn’t agree more. The geographer is the person who attempts to describe parts of the earth. While in a barren field, where no any cover is available, a reverse effect is obtained. SEARCH SITE. Most of the time, if you pour water over a rock, it will run right off. The 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. Liquid precipitation flows over land as surface runoff. In common course of rainfall occurrence over the land surface, a part it is intercepted by the vegetations, buildings and other objects lying over the land surface; and prevent to reach them on ground surface, called interception. Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface, and is a major component of the water cycle. Under this condition W-index is known as Wmin – index. It is a descriptive term used to denote that part of the hydrologic cycle, which falls between the phase of precipitation and its subsequent discharge into the stream channels or direct return to the atmosphere through evaporation and evapotranspiration. the strategy of applying profit-making practices to the operation of farms and ranches. chemical or other substance that harms a natural resource. The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. Rainfall runoff, and sometimes small kids' toys left out in the rain, are collected by these drains and the water is delivered via the street curb or drainage ditch alongside the street to the storm-sewer drain to pipes that help to move runoff to nearby creeks and streams. Diane Boudreau To flee or depart quickly. Runoff definition is - a final race, contest, or election to decide an earlier one that has not resulted in a decision in favor of any one competitor. It is an organisation, not a continent or country. E = evapotranspiration. Plagiarism Prevention 5. Teach your students about the Earth’s rivers and streams with the resources in this collection. runoff meaning: 1. a second or final election held when no one got enough votes to win an earlier election 2. water…. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Kara West. Communities can plant native vegetation. Tara Ramroop What does run over expression mean? 1.9%. Infiltration index is defined as the average rate of water loss through infiltration, such that the volume of rainfall excess is equal to the volume of direct runoff. Biomagnification means organisms high on the food chain, including people, have a higher concentration of pollutants in their bodies than organisms such as seagrass or algae. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. For example, a precipitation which occurs in the form of rainfall, gets start immediately to flow in form of surface flow over the land surface, depending on its intensity as well as magnitude, while a precipitation which takes place in the form of snow or hails, the flow of water on ground surface does not take place immediately, but after melting of the same. Impervious surfaces, or surfaces that can't absorb water, increase runoff. top layer of the Earth's surface where plants can grow. E = evapotranspiration. Most of the rain water, reaching the ground are either retained on the surface or passed into the soil by infiltration. Discover the world with articles, fact sheets, maps and other resources that explore landscapes, peoples, places, and environments both near and far. Privacy Notice | run off with someone run away with, elope with, abscond with He ran off with a younger woman. Regulations determine what type of runoff, and how much, industries are allowed to release. Richard Hartshorne (December 12, 1899 – November 5, 1992), a prominent … In mountainous watersheds, the parts located on the wind ward side of the mountain receive high intensity rainfall, resulting into more runoff yield, while the parts of watershed lying towards leeward side have reverse effect. This concept assumes that there is too much runoff is build up at the beginning of storm and too little at the end of storm due to the fact, that the peak rate of surface retention and infiltration rate decrease with time throughout the storm period. This stage refers to the condition of end of an isolated intense storm. The capacity of any soil to absorb the rain water, falling continuously at an excessive rate, goes on decreasing with time until infiltration is reached at the minimum rate i.e., at basic intake rate. A watershed having greater D.D. run out of gas/steam Slang. However, a large watershed takes longer time for draining the runoff to the outlet, as result the peak flow expressed as depth becomes smaller and vice-versa. Content Filtration 6. The evaporation and evapotranspiration in this stage are negligible or very less as compared to those at fair weather conditions, which is because of high atmospheric humidity. All communities face the challenge of managing resources responsibly, not only for themselves, but for the sake of the world around them. has been accumulated, there forms a little surface runoff due to the fact that more rain water is absorbed by the soil. Surface Runoff. It is predicted by counting as a constant rate of infiltration capacity. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. Washington, DC 20036, National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down by natural forces such as wind or water. Animals such as birds consume the fish, increasing the level of pollutants in their own bodies. Tiny microbes, such as plankton or algae, absorb pollutants in the runoff. indigenous, or from a specific geographic region. Change your default dictionary to American English. Moor: A hilly tract of land, having typically wet, spongy soil, and comprising moss, heather, and coarse grass is called moor. Sustainability Policy | As soon as the overland flow joins to the streams, channels or oceans, is termed as surface runoff. 2.13). Estimation of surface runoff volume from a large area having uniform infiltration characteristics, is done by subtracting the infiltration loss from the total rainfall. As a river flows, it picks up sediment from the river bed, eroding banks, and debris on the water. It occurs, when all losses are satisfied and if rain is still continued with the rate greater than the infiltration rate; then excess water makes a head over the ground surface (surface detention), which tends to move from one place to another following land gradient, is known as overland flow. Runoff Computation by Infiltration Method: Infiltration may be defined as the entry of water from the top soil surface into lower soil profiles. able to produce crops or sustain agriculture. What does run someone off expression mean? This may occur in several different locations, including areas such as a sheltered cove or a bay. The most familiar type of natural runoff is snowmelt. Runoff is the downward movement of surface water under gravity in channels ranging from small rills to large rivers. To look at or read in a cursory manner. For a given total rainfall, if all other conditions are the same, then greater the value of distribution coefficient, greater will be the runoff and vice-versa. If the direction of prevailing wind is same to the drainage system then it has a great influence on the resulting peak flow and also on the duration of surface flow to reach the outlet. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. A. Strabo. Runoff from human activity comes from two places: point sources and nonpoint sources. As the water runs along a surface, it picks up litter, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizers, and other toxic substances. liquid and solid waste material from homes and businesses. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Below are some notable quotes defining the study of geography. Transfers: A process or flow of water from one place to another in the drainage basin system - surface run-off /overland flow, infiltration, percolation, through-flow, groundwater flow The ɸ-index also demarcates the limit of rainfall intensity producing the runoff over the catchment, e.g., if rainfall intensity is less than the ɸ-index of the soil, then there is no runoff and when rainfall intensity exceeds the ɸ-index, then there resulted the runoff, which is equal to the difference between rainfall and infiltration during a specified time. Wiki User Answered . These regulations vary by region, state, and nation. A river moves more slowly as it nears its mouth, or end.This causes sediment, solid material carried downstream by currents, to fall to the river bottom. Terms of Service 7. Individuals, communities, and countries depend on a variety of different resources to help them thrive: electricity, timber, oil, water, and food to name a few. Farmers and gardeners can reduce the amount of fertilizer they use. What is run off? Thus, high intensities rainfall yield higher runoff and vice-versa. To move swiftly on foot so that both or all feet are not on the ground during each stride. This factor affects the evaporation and transpiration losses from the area by making influence on the amount of heat to be received from the sun. This formula was developed by Khosla (1953), assuming the temperature as a factor in yield of surface runoff. Geography. (Of is usually retained before pronouns.) For example, in case of a sloppy watershed, the time to reach the flow at outlet is less, because of greater runoff velocity, which results into formation of peak runoff very soon; and vice-versa. Precipitation is measured in mm - this stands for millimetres. Drainage Basin Hydrological System. Total Runoff = Surface runoff (including sub-surface runoff) + Base flow. What does run-off mean in geography? The excess liquid flows across the surface of the land and into nearby creeks, streams, or ponds. But on the other hand if the rain occurs in a close succession, as in the rainy season, then runoff yield gets sufficiently increased. Even toxic chemicals enter waterways through natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions. - Factors influencing run-off, infiltration (and rate of erosion) - Drainage basins X-PLANATION: 1. 2 : the portion of precipitation on land that ultimately reaches streams often with dissolved or suspended material. Runoff occurs when there is more water than land can absorb. When it rains some water is absorbed into the sponge (infiltration) and some runs off the surface of the sponge into the stream (runoff). The time based variation of infiltration rate is shown in figure 2.13. Here are the eight most important things … If rainfall intensity is greater than the infiltration rate of the soil, then the surface runoff takes place very shortly, while in case of low intensity rainfall, there is found a reverse trend of the same. The direction of prevailing wind affects greatly the runoff flow. In these areas, rainwater and irrigation wash chemicals into local streams. run-off in Geography topic ˈrun-off noun 1 [ countable] a second competition or election that is arranged when there is no clear winner of the first one → play-off, → run off1 2 [ uncountable] technical nutrient-rich chemical substance (natural or manmade) applied to soil to encourage plant growth. The water balance looks at how the amount of precipitation compares with the water leaving the system as runoff or as evapotranspiration. In above equations R is indicated for runoff depth (cm) and P is for rainfall depth (cm). Due to the earth's rotation, sailors and pilots using great circle routes must constantly adjust their route as the heading changes over long distances. In this condition even intense rain may fail to produce appreciable runoff. keen on something-2.1%. Runoff can come from both natural processes and human activity. However, for the same distribution coefficient, the peak runoff would be resulted from the storm falling on the lower part of the basin i.e., near outlet. Toxic gases released by volcanoes eventually return to the water or soil as precipitation. Terms of Service | Wiki User. Intercropping. Physiographic factors of watershed consist of both the watershed as well as channel characteristics. A (geographic) meridian (or line of longitude) is the half of an imaginary great circle on the Earth's surface, a coordinate line terminated by the North Pole and the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude, as measured in angular degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. Definition of runoff. Account Disable 11. Also called "the country.". The only places on Earth where the heading does not change is on the equator or when … If these pores are linked, then fluid, like water, can flow through the rock. boundary that does not allow water to penetrate it. the most valuable, upper layer of soil, where most nutrients are found. Runoff magnitude from a watershed depends very much on the distribution of rainfall. ning , runs v. intr. all forms in which water falls to Earth from the atmosphere. In the watershed, surface runoff is greatly influenced by the soil type, as loss of water from the soil is very much dependent on infiltration rate, which varies with the types of soil. The rainfall amount in excess of ɸ-index is referred as rainfall excess. ABOUT : CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (m). Abrasion: the pebbles being transported wear away the bed and banks of the river channel. It normally takes place when the soil is completely saturated with water. Some parts extend into the Pakistani province of Sindh. Disclaimer 8. Average width (B) is obtained by dividing the area (A) with the axial length (l) of the watershed. Mountains that cannot absorb water from heavy snowfalls produce runoff that turns into streams, rivers, and lakes. (also run-off election) an extra election to decide on a winner, because the leading competitors have equal numbers of votes, or because the winner had less than half the number of votes: Colombians … What does run over expression mean? It follows a cycle of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. Numerically, the ɸ-index may be written as-, ɸ =Total basin recharge/Rainfall discharge. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. runoff meaning: 1. a second or final election held when no one got enough votes to win an earlier election 2. water…. You got to a point in the story where your decision dictated what happened next. At this stage, the overland flow takes place only from those parts of watershed which are in impervious nature such as roads etc., while from the soil surface it does not occur, because rain water is consumed by several losses such as depression storage and infiltration loss. https://financial-dictionary ... geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. land cultivated for crops, livestock, or both. Geography. area of grass mowed, watered, and maintained by people. Tons of topsoil are lost to runoff every year. Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. includes formation of peak runoff very shortly to that of the lesser D.D. In this condition, whatever precipitation takes place, falls directly on the land surface or on stream surface, known as channel precipitation; this provides an immediate increment in stream flow. so it runs off into the river. 1. a. In some sports, a run-up is a period or distance of running that you do in order to be going…. Hilary Costa Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment.